First in a series
By Deborah E. Lans
For Capital Region Independent Media
In 1958, in “A Nation of Immigrants,” John F. Kennedy wrote: “Since 1607, when the first English settlers reached the New World, over 42 million people have migrated to the United States.” That number has substantially increased now, and, as many point out, the only groups in the nation who were not at one time immigrants are Native Americans.
Estimates from the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) are that the country is currently home to 46 million people not born here – in other words, who are first generation on American soil – of which some 11 million are unauthorized, meaning in general that they have entered the country without inspection (i.e., legal permission) or overstayed a visa. Of the 46 million, some 49% have become naturalized citizens, and another 28% have some form of temporary or permanent legal status.
The unauthorized immigrants live in 6.3 million households and about 70% of those households are considered of “mixed status,” meaning that at least one household member is a citizen – often a U.S.-born child. Put differently, 4.4 million minors in the country live with at least one parent who is unauthorized.
Contrary to some political messaging, recent migrants are generally better educated than the American-born population. Between 2020 and 2022, at least 48% of immigrants held bachelor’s degrees. More than half are employed in service occupations (food, retail, health care) and MPI estimates that at least 20% of the foreign-born population is underemployed here, constituting a needless “brain waste.”
New York is believed to have about 4.46 million foreign-born residents, more than half of whom have been naturalized as citizens, and, according to MPI, some 835,000 unauthorized residents (the fourth largest number in the country). More than 75% of those who are unauthorized have lived in the U.S, more than five years, and more than half have lived here more than 10 years. Those figures indicate that most of our undocumented population are well-settled in the country. More than half are employed in service occupations.
The foreign-born contribute $362.9 billion in federal taxes annually and $96.3 billion in state and local taxes, according to the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS). Immigrants start more new businesses than the American-born and through their labor support many aspects of the economy.
Before the advent of Trump Administration policies, the Congressional Budget Office projected that between 2024 and 2034, the foreign-born would increase the country’s gross domestic product by $8.9 trillion.
While slightly more of New York’s foreign-born population than of its U.S.-born residents lives below 200% of the poverty level, virtually all of those who were born elsewhere lived in poverty in their nation of origin. MPI has estimated that undocumented entrepreneurs in New York state enjoy $1.3 billion annually in business income. The New York Department of State says that 29.4% of all business owners here are immigrants. Given that New York state is losing population, the in-migration of the foreign-born constitutes a much-needed boost that supports our economy.